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South Korea’s Marine Corps, nicknamed “Ghost Busters,” has a worldwide reputation for its combat prowess amid successful operations during the Korean War and in Vietnam. Despite such fame the service has been domestically recognized merely as a small force affiliated with the Navy. It has long suffered from a small budget as larger parts of defense spending have been funneled into the Army, Navy and Air Force. Of the 9-trillion-won spending for this year’s arms improvements, the Marine Corps received just 100 billion won, some 1.2 percent of the total. Moreover, its main responsibility has apparently shifted from amphibious assault operations to coastal and facility protection and security services, with the shortage of manpower and planned troop reductions. These problems actually had something to do with the service’s response to North Korea’s unprecedented shelling of a South Korean island near the western sea border last month, defense experts and politicians point out. “The problem is simple. Without modernization of defense equipment, the Marine Corps just can’t keep its nicknames _ Ghost Busters and Invincible Marine Corps,” said Kim Hyun-ki, a professor at Kyonggi University in Gyeonggi Province. When the North fired about 170 shells from its coastal artillery toward Yeonpyeong Island Nov. 23, the marine unit there was only able to return fire with 80 shells from three of the six K9 self-propelled howitzers. Three others didn’t work properly, while most other tanks and weapons, which had seen service in the Korean War, were too old to return fire. Rep. Song Young-sun of the Future Alliance Hope, a minor opposition party, accused the Army-led military of having ignored the marines’ calls for improved weapons on the five islands near the Northern Limit Line (NLL) in the West Sea. “Under the Defense Reform Plan (DRP) 2020, the troop numbers of the Marine Corps have decreased gradually for the past five years, while the North has beefed up its combat posture near the sea border,” said Song, a former analyst at the Korea Institute for Defense Analyses (KIDA). “The South can’t neutralize the North’s artillery and multiple rocket launcher sites precisely with only the K9 howitzer,” she said. Belatedly but fortunately, the military has started boosting personnel and weapons systems for the Marine Corps in the aftermath of the Yeonpyeong attack that killed four South Koreans, including two marines. Last week, the National Assembly approved an additional spending of 310.5 billion won to acquire weapons to defend the border islands. Among arms improvement programs include the acquisition of GPS-guided precision missiles, production of more K9 howitzers, upgrades of 155mm K55 self-propelled howitzers, and the introduction of unmanned aerial vehicles for a naval intelligence ship. The reduction of marine forces will also be reconsidered, according to the Ministry of National Defense. Currently, there are 27,000 marines, and 3,800 of them are stationed on the five islands in the West Sea, including Yeonpyeong and Baengnyeong Islands, some 15 percent of the total. Under the DRP 2020, the troop numbers were to be downsized by 3,200 by 2020. The Yeonpyeong unit was to be most affected by the troop cuts. Last week, a presidential defense reform panel suggested a plan to transform the Marine Corps into a rapid deployment force, according to sources. Under the plan, the Marine Corps would be transformed into a “national strategic force” capable of landing and infiltration operations. The force would also serve as a rapid strike force in case of war. The panel will also advise President Lee Myung-bak to create a West Sea command with a troop strength of some 12,000, the sources said. 해병대 전략 기동군으로 변모하나? 대한민국 해병대는 “귀신잡는 해병”이란 별명을 얻을 정도로 세계적으로 그 전투력이 인정을 받고 있다. 하지만 국내에선 해군에 소속된 “소군”으로 취급 받는다. 국방예산은 육군을 중심으로 공군과 해군에 배분되는 동안 해병대는 늘 적은 예산에 허덕이기 일쑤이다. 올해 전력증강 예산만 해도 총 9조 예산에서 해병대는 단지 천억원을 배정받았을 뿐이다. 주 임무 또한 상륙 작전에서 최근에는 해안과 주요 시설 경비로 전환된 듯 하다. 전문가들과 정치인들은 바로 이런 문제들이 결국 연평도 사건의 부실한 대응을 초래했다고 한 목소리로 지적한다. 경기대학교의 김현기 교수는 “군 장비의 현대와 없이는 귀신잡는 해병, 혹은 무적 해병과 같은 전통을 이어나가는 것은 힘들다”라고 지적했다. 실제로 지난 11월 23일 북한이 연평도에 170발의 포격을 가할 우리 해병대는 단지 3문의 K9자주포로 80발 응사에 그쳤다. 배치된 6문 중 나머지 3문은 고장이 나 있었고, 연평도에 배치된 무기들은 대부분 한국전에서 사용되던 고물들 뿐이었다. 미래희망연대 송영선 의원은 육군 중심의 군이 그간 해병대가 서해 5도의 전력증강 요청을 무시해 온 결과라고 비판했다. 송 의원은 “국방개혁 2020에 따라서 해병대 병력은 지난 5년 동안 점차 감축되어온 반면 북한은 서해 인근 전투력을 증강해 왔다”라며 “현재 K9전력으로는 북한의 해안포와 다연장 방사포 진지를 무력화 하는 것은 불가능하다”라고 말했다. 군은 최근 늦었지만 이런 문제점들의 개선하기 위한 노력을 시작했다. 국회는 지난주 3천100억원 가량의 추가 전력 증강 예산을 승인, 서해 5도 전력을 보강키로 했다. 해병대 감축 또한 재검토 될 예정이다. 현재 해병대는 약 2만 7천명의 병력이 있으며, 그 중 3,800명은 서해 5도에 배치되어있다. 국방개혁2020하에서 이 병력 중 3,200명 가량이 2020년까지 감축 될 예정이었다. 대통령 직속 국가안보 점검위원회 또한 해병대를 신속대응군으로 재건하는 방안을 대통령에 보고할 예정이다. 이 계획에 따르면 해병대는 “국가전략기동군”으로 개편되어 상륙과 후방 침투 작전은 물론 유사시 신속타격 능력까지 갖추게 된다. 이와 함께 서해 5도 방어를 담당할 서해방어사령부 창설도 추진 중이다 | |
gallantjung@koreatimes.co.kr | |
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Sunday, December 5, 2010
Will Marine Corps be reborn as strategic force?
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